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SECOND-HAND AUTOMATION MARKET

Automation has been an essential part of manufacturing environments over the years. Around the globe, industries have been upgrading their workspaces to incorporate robots in order to be on track with industry 4.0. This involves integrating new robotic systems or adding to pre-existing robotic assemblies. The robot equipment does not always have to be bought new. In fact, many companies are purchasing second-hand robots in order to satisfy their automation requirements.

Second-Hand Robots

The second-hand market represents the sale of used or old equipment and merchandise. Automated equipment is a sector within this market, and is a viable option for manufacturers to invest in. Due to supply chain disruptions and the closure of boarders from the COVID-19 pandemic, second-hand robots provide a necessary and adequate way to substitute for late or cancelled robot shipments. There is also a range of advantages and disadvantages when acquiring and utilizing second-hand robots.

Advantages

The second-hand market continues to grow; many reasons contribute to the popularity of used robots, however, the main benefits are as follows:

Consistent

Often, the type and style of an industrial robot are crucial in order to achieve a production requirement. This could involve a custom application, or other machines being dependent. A manufacturer who has already integrated robotic equipment into their production floor may need a replacement of the same model. Depending on how old the equipment is, it may have become obsolete and new robots are not available. A newer robot also may not be compatible with older programs or power sources; therefore, a company would have to invest more money having to upgrade their robotic system to accommodate for one machine. In these cases, the second-hand market would be the only option.

Reliable

When an item has been labelled as ‘second-hand’, a common thought is that it is damaged, or of poor quality. However, that is not always the case. Industrial robots have an incredibly high lifespan, and used robots often still have years of lifespan remaining. If the second-hand robot was pre-owned by a respectable company who ensured maintenance was conducted regularly, the robot would still have a long operating life. Second-hand robots can also be refurbished to operate just as well as newer ones. Depending on the popularity of a used robot, spare parts may also be widely available in the case of future grievances.

Affordable

Newly designed robots can often be incredibly expensive and may be a dealbreaker for companies with tight budgets. Used robots are a fraction of the price of a new robot, while still delivering all automation needs. By spending less on robotic equipment, companies not only have a quicker ROI (return on investment), but could also use the savings to purchase more robots, or invest back into other manufacturing operations.

Disadvantages

Despite the already stated benefits, the second-hand automation market does have disadvantages and inconveniences to be aware of:

Quality

When acquiring a second-hand robot, it is crucial to ensure that it is in working condition. Be sure to be aware of the total working hours as well as reliability with its previous owner. As stated above, be sure the previous owners are of a respectable company who conducted maintenance regularly and ensured the robot operated within its specifications. Another option is to perform diagnostics to check if the robot is in an ideal working condition (ex. FANUC Pro Diagnostic). Doing so will ensure the robot does not perform poorly or have any mechanical errors like backlash, vibration, motor failure, etc.

Technology

A second-hand robot may not be equipped with the latest robotic features. Newer robots are usually more efficient, faster, and more accurate than older models. Not to mention, integration with the IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) or production monitoring may be easier with newer models. For those who want complex robotic equipment, a newer model may be the best choice.

Conclusion

To summarize, second-hand robots provide an excellent solution for integrating automation into a production floor. They provide a cost-effective and consistent way to revolutionize a workspace. DIY Robotics offers a range of robotic cells well suited for second-hand robots. These cells are mobile and modular which allows the robot to adapt to any work environment, and facilitate a need on a production floor. For more information regarding DIY Robotics cells, please visit our product page.

Please stay connected for more posts addressing robotic industrial applications. If you have any questions regarding the second-hand market or have another inquiry, feel free to contact us and we will put you in touch with an expert.

References

THE IMPORTANCE OF SUPPLY CHAINS

The acquisition of reasonably priced materials can make or break a company. In our modern world, industries and consumers are expecting goods to be delivered faster and cheaper than ever seen before. Industries must also ensure sufficient product is being delivered or created to match demand or run the risk of empty or leftover inventory. Meeting these constraints is highly dependant on the effectiveness of a company’s supply chain.

What is a Supply Chain?

In simple terms, a supply chain is the activities required by organizations in order to acquire and/or deliver goods. These activities usually include the transformation of raw materials into an end product for a customer, and the transportation in-between. Without an effective supply chain, a company runs the risk of reducing customers or losing an advantage over other competitors.

chain supply

Important Aspects

Supply chains are an essential part of the business structure and drive the economy. Understanding the following key aspects of what a supply chain is and how it operates is crucial for any business.

Diversity

Not all supply chains are operated by the same organization. In fact, the majority of supply chains involve many parties with different corporate interests. Therefore, companies may not be aware of other participants within the supply chain.

For example, a raw resource company that extracts iron ore and refines it to steel may sell it to an industry that makes robotics parts and electronics overseas. From there, the robot manufacturer would produce and assemble the robots to sell as full robotic cell assemblies to another industry that would use the robots on an assembly line (and the supply chain would continue from there). The ore refining company would have no insight on the business to which the robotic cell industry sold since it is on the other end of the supply chain. However, both are dependant on each other. If either company were to remove itself from the supply network (by going out of business or leaving the trade network), both companies would suffer.

That being said, any company would ideally seek to maximize its profits. If a company was to increase the price of its materials at the beginning of the supply chain, it would ultimately affect all other participating companies down the line, leaving the company or consumer at the end with an excessive cost. This could result in the ‘end’ company or consumer seeking another supplier and therefore disrupting the current supply chain. Organizations must work in cohesion by offering fair prices in order to construct an effective supply chain and not lose consumers. Doing so will increase the profitability of all organizations involved.

Supply & Demand

In order to maintain a steady supply chain, resources must be frequently available. When prices go up, delays become long, and when it is hard to get the required resources, industries will be unable to meet orders or schedules by their consumers. This will disrupt all players further down the supply chain and can greatly affect profitability since customers will look elsewhere to receive their goods. It is a smart strategy to have a plan to find another supplier before the previous is unable to provide the required recourses.

Chain supply

Despite the several layers of companies involved within a supply chain, it only operates effectively if there is customer behavior at the end of the chain (customer demand). Supply chain processes should be co-ordinated to focus on a customer’s needs. If no customers are purchasing goods from an ‘end’ company, the supplier will see fewer profits due to decreased demand, and vice versa.

Unexpected Events

Being the main contributor to supply chain disruption, unexpected events should be properly prepared for. These events can be classified into two categories: internal and external. Internal events usually entail anything which the supply chain companies are responsible for. This involves things like product recalls, transportation disasters, cost escalation, etc. External events involve occurrences that aren’t controlled by the supply chain company like border restrictions, natural disasters, importing taxes, etc.

For example, in recent events from the COVID-19 pandemic, many supply chains have been disrupted or halted due to the closing of borders and increased importing protocols. The global economy was greatly affected by the shutdown of businesses and we are still recovering. This is a prime example of an external unexpected event: a global pathogen.

In both cases of unexpected events (and decreased supply), keeping an inventory can prove quite useful. By having an excess of materials or products, any company which is experiencing slowdowns due to unexpected events can still fulfill its procedures. In severe terms, an inventory can also give a company enough time to find another material supplier. Many retail and industrial businesses own and manage storage facilities (warehouses) for these scenarios if they arise.

In the case where products can not be delivered or when the prices of the products go up, exploring a second-hand market is always an option. This gives the consumer company time to create a complete order when the delivering company fails to meet expectations. For example, a car manufacturing company that ordered a number of industrial robots only received a fraction. In order to stay on schedule, second-hand robots may need to be purchased. By knowing your supply chains, scoping out when second-hand purchasing is needed will be an easy task.

Chain supply

Conclusion

Therefore, performing due diligence with the supply of resources, internal/external events, company diversity, and the demand within or affecting the supply chain will allow for it to perform smoothly. That concludes this week’s post, if you have any questions about supply chains and their meaningfulness within an industry or if you have any other questions, please feel free to visit our contact page: https://diy-robotics.com/contact/

References

  • Coupa. “5 Scary External Factors for Supply Chains.” Coupa, 31 Oct. 2020, https://www.coupa.com/blog/supply-chain/5-scary-external-factors-for-supply-chains
  • “What Is Supply Chain Management and Why Is It Important?” Indeed Career Guide, https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/what-is-supply-chain-management-and-why-is-it-important.

28 FANUC robot programming error codes (and what they mean)

troubleshoot fanuc robot programming error codes

FANUC robots set the standard for quality, reliability, and efficiency. When you purchase a FANUC robot, you can expect everything to work seamlessly and to get quality results from your investment. However, you may occasionally come across programming error codes that you should be aware of to keep your machines operating at peak efficiency.

An error code may seem like a sign that something is wrong, but really they are alerts that can tell you that something needs to be changed before your robot is damaged. By correctly identifying and understanding your FANUC robot programming error codes, you can protect your investment and keep it performing at its best for years to come.

Error codes and descriptions

INTP-105 (%s,%d) Run request failed

The program cannot be started.

INTP-248 (%s, %d) MACRO failed

The macro command can not be executed.

INTP-250 (%s, %d) Invalid uframe number

The number of the work plan is not valid.

INTP-251 (%s, %d) Invalid utool number

The number of the work tool is invalid.

INTP-252 User frame number mismatch

The selected workbench is not valid.

INTP-253 Tool frame number mismatch

The selected work tool is not the same as the position tool.

INTP-447(%s,%d) Parentheses mismatch

Bad parenthesis combination.

JOG-007 Press shift key to jog

The robot’s manual movement key was pressed but the SHIFT key was not pressed.

JOG-010 Jog pressed before shift

This code means that one of the robot’s manual movement keys was pressed before the SHIFT key was pressed.

MACR-013 MACRO execution failed

The macro cannot be executed.

MACR-016 The macro is not completed

The execution of the macro has been interrupted.

MOTN-018 Position not reachable

The requested position is inaccessible.

MOTN-019 In Singularity

The requested position is close to the singularity (parallel J4 and J6).

MOTN-063 Position config change (G :)

This alarm indicates that the robot is unable to go to the requested position. It cannot execute the movement.

PROG-048 Shift released while running (prog)

The SHIFT key was released while the program was running in T1 or T2 mode.

SRVO-003 or SRVO-234 Deadman switch release

The yellow buttons on the back of the controller have been released while the programming the robot in T1 mode.

SRVO-062 BZAL alarm (G :x A :x) or SRVO-084 BZAL alarm

Encoder batteries have low voltage or the encoder cable is disconnected.

SRVO-080 OVC alarm

The RMS current calculated by the “servo-drive” exceeds the allowed value. This alarm protects the motor and amplifiers against thermal damage.

SRVO-160 Panel/external E-stop

The controller emergency stop button or the external emergency stop has been pressed.

SRVO-161 Fence open or Deadman switch released

This alarm appears when the “deadman” buttons are released, or the robot’s fence is open.

SRVO-162 Deadman/Fence or Panel/External E-stop

This code appears when the “deadman” buttons are released, when the protective envelope (fence) of the robot is open, or when one of the emergency stop buttons is pressed.

SRVO-230 or SRVO-231 Chain (1 or 2) abnormal

This alarm appears if there is a break in Channel 1 (24V) or Channel 2 (0V) of the emergency stop circuit.

SRVO-324 Disturbance excess

The torque limit of a specific joint is reached.

SYST-003 TP is enabled

The robot lever selector is ON.

SYST-009 Safety Fence is open

The requested operation could not be completed because the enclosure’s secure envelope is open.

SYST-017 Single-step operation effective

STEP mode is engaged.

SYST-043 TP disabled in T1/T2 mode

The Mode Selector is in T1 or T2 while the Robot Controller Selector is ON.

SYST-045 TP enabled in AUTO mode

The Robot Controller Selector is ON and set in AUTO.

As you can see, there are a lot of error codes that can occur when using a Fanuc robot. Fortunately, DIY-Robotics gives you the resources you need to keep moving forward when you face a problem like the ones listed above. Contact our professionals to hear how we can work together to make your DIY-Robotics cell project a reality.

How DIY Robotics Can Increase Your Company’s Profit

how diy robotics increase company profitCFM Robotics has grown into a highly regarded enterprise with 23 years of experience in creating turnkey solutions. Recently, the Québec-based company has shifted to a DIY platform to provide support and resources for self-starters and industry innovators who have a thirst for a first-hand understanding of cutting-edge technology. With the explosion of the DIY movement, CFM Robotics saw an exciting opportunity to expand into this new type of partnership. After all, coming up with new programming possibilities is what we do. Here’s how our new DIY-Robotics platform can increase your company’s profit, and give you the edge in the new age of automation.

Reduce your maintenance and repair expenses with ideas for in-house solutions

Robotic work cells are cost-effective, given that they do not need major infrastructure changes once they are set up. Simplified programming and guided support allow your company to operate as autonomous as your machinery. DIY-Robotics provides you and your company with everything you need from product reviews to programming solutions to keep you and your technology running efficiently and help you utilize all of your work cell’s features.

diy-robotics increase company roi

Ideas for flexibility in function and utility

Make your robotic cells work for you. Produce several products in the same cell and with less expense with easily reconfigured cell options. We’ll show you how to redeploy units in your production line for multiple purposes so you don’t end up spending money on additional units. Turn your business into a “lights-out” factory by configuring your units to work around the clock.

Save money with our free online support

Take advantage of CFM Robotics’ more than 23 years of experience. We are a community of talented programmers, engineers, and certified integrators who love talking about robotics and who take great pleasure in building solid relationships with our customers. We are privileged to count among our resources the valuable personal qualities of our employees in addition to their noteworthy technical abilities. Respect, pleasure in our work, rigorous diligence, and creativity are some examples of what we bring to work every day and what you can expect from our support team.

DIY-Robotics is a place to talk programming, share ideas and solutions, and work together to build amazing things. It is our ever-growing network of resources, professionals and experts to help you with all of your robotic and automation needs.

Enable robotization at an affordable price

Each robotic cell is optimized for function and efficiency, so they are easy to maintain and deploy. Our cells are pre-engineered, pre-secured and pre-programmed, meaning that our customers get a worry-free installation that reduces downtime and production interruptions. Our cells include pre-integrated electronics and pneumatic panels, so say “ good-bye ” to tedious routing and flow mapping. Save money by making smart decisions and getting the cell that works right for you at each stage of production.

Avoiding the complications when a break occurs

In the event of a mechanical breakdown, robotic units can be easily moved along the production line by simply relocating the cell. Unlike anchored robots, robotic cells allow for customizable and adaptable configurations and tasks. Our interchangeable cells can prevent production halts or slowdowns, which can be costly to you and your customers. Don’t forget that you always have access to our free online support. No need for you to outsource; all of the support and resources you need are at diy-robotics.com.

In many ways, DIY-Robotics will benefit your business and increase your profit margins and returns-on-investment. For more information, read our e-book in which we explain all the advantages of working with our team to design and build the best robotic cell for you and your company’s needs.

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5 Tips for Programming Your FANUC Integrated Work Cell

programming fanuc robotic cellRobotic cells are complete systems that house your robot, controller, and other essentials like positioners. Your robot cell also ensures the safety of your employees and protects your investment. Efficiency, precision, and reliability are of paramount importance. So, before you start integrating, consider the following five tips for programming your FANUC integrated work cell to ensure that it provides you with the maximum potential benefits.

Take the time to think carefully about the programming structure

Your programming structure will follow you throughout the programming process of the various applications of the cell. Taking the time to set it up correctly before you start programming could save you a lot of time and trouble in the future. Setting up a pseudo-code structure can help you to think about the logical flow of events and can give you a framework when you start writing the actual code. A flowchart or process diagram can also be very useful for visualizing the routine your robot will execute. Save yourself some time and troubleshooting later by sketching out your programming structure in advance and making sure all workers are familiar with the routine.

Set the robot’s working tools correctly using “Tool Frames”

programming fanuc work cellFANUC’s “Tool Frames” allow programmers to plot the robot’s movement in a Cartesian coordinate system. The reference point, also called the Tool Center Point (TCP), is set by one of several methods, and all other positions are referenced relative to the TCP. The operator defines the TCP using one of four common methods : the three-point method, six-point method, direct entry, or two-point + Z method. With three-point and six-point methods, the TCP is defined by setting the robot tool to different reference positions. The direct entry method, just as it sounds, allows the programmer to enter the TCP coordinates manually. The 2-point + Z method uses two reference points to determine x and y coordinates but lets the user define the height of the tool. Be sure to enter the weight and inertia characteristics of the robot hand because this data plays a role in correctly determining the robot path and can speed up the cycle time when input correctly.

Do not try to “patch” a programming problem

When a problem arises in programming, a patch may provide a workaround and often appeals to users as a convenient and low-maintenance fix. However, patches may not address the underlying causes of errors that can persist and manifest themselves in other areas. Before applying a patch, check to see if you can identify the source of the error. Double-check all relevant settings, values, and the programming structure itself. A little work on the front end can save lots of time and energy later when you may have to hunt down and fix numerous instances of an error that has propagated throughout lengthy segments of code.

Plan Ahead

You can eliminate many programming problems before you even get your robot set up. Programmers can get very creative with their coding. However, if they are spending a lot of time finding innovative solutions to make a robot do something it wasn’t designed for, the problem isn’t a programming one. In this case, it may be a problem with the type of robot you’re using. Take the time to think carefully about the processes you want to robotize before making a purchasing decision. Work with your team, plan, and choose the best robot for your automation needs. If you need assistance, DIY-Robotics offers free consultations to help you decide on the right robot or cell. This way, you can avoid complications that reduce productivity and throughput by taking a robot out of the automation flow.

Free Programming Libraries and Forums

No matter what you need to program, it’s always a good idea to look for existing libraries and free resources. These reservoirs of pre-existing, tested code can make your job a lot easier. The programming community is a helpful one. If someone has come across a problem and found a useful solution, chances are, it has been posted somewhere. Check the top forums, like the FANUC forums on Robot-Forum.com and DIY-Robotic.com. Search on GitHub or in training resources. And don’t overlook programming solutions in different languages or for other products. The physics and engineering principles that govern robots are the same, so the answer to your problem may be universal.

 

At DIY Robotics, it is important to provide you with all the resources you need to execute your project effectively. We hope, among other things, that these three tips will be useful. Find all the details related to the complete process of a DIY Robotics project, using Fanuc robots, by consulting our Build Your Cell guide.

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How Can Automation Benefit my Business

Are you feeling left behind by the Industry 4.0 revolution? You may be considering how automation might benefit your business. In this article, we will look at what you need to consider before automating your processes, and the benefits to your company should you choose to automate.

Efficiency

Bill Gates saidautomation benefits, “The first rule of any technology used in a business is that automation applied to an efficient operation will magnify the efficiency.” We’re going to assume you run an efficient process, and in that case, according to one of the richest men in the world, automation is only going to make things better. A more efficient process means more time and material saved. This translates into money saved, which is what you need to be thinking about when considering any changes to your process flow.

 

Safety

Automation used to refer only to software-automation. These days, however, automation and auto-motion are synonymous. Put smart machinery in charge of dangerous or repetitive tasks, and the savings in terms of worker safety and health are well worth the cost. Automation can reduce the number of incidents of workplace injuries from one-time events and repetitive-stress-related causes. It can protect clients and consumers as well, preventing your company from enduring expensive litigation fees and settlements. The automation process ensures a higher degree of precision in assembly and reduces the number of faulty or poorly manufactured parts.

 

Loss Prevention

With labor shortages affecting many businesses, automation can be an ideal solution. Mechanically assisted assembly lines greatly cut down on the number of employees needed to perform a task. Robot analogs to human workers can often complete a larger variety of tasks than their living counterparts. This can cut down on training, human bottlenecks in the production flow, and errors associated with multi-tasking. Sick days, holidays and general fatigue can impact productivity with humans. This is not the case, however, when you have adopted automation. Automated businesses experience more consistency in their product, fewer interruptions to workflow, and overall greater satisfaction from clients.

 

automating your businessIncreased production: 24-hour/lights-out factories

With automated assemblies and factories, businesses can now run operations with reduced operational costs all around the clock. Production doesn’t have to stop at 5 o’clock. So-called lights-out factories can run on their own with minimal human intervention. Sensors and adaptive programming allow the system to alter production variables independently of human operators. Every interconnected machine can respond to delays or modifications made by one part of the network.

 

Integrated assemblybenefits of automation

Integrate your whole production line with automation. This doesn’t just mean the machines and industrial robots in one facility either. Multiple buildings and sites can be connected and can share information. Jobs can be rescheduled, delayed, or advanced by an algorithm that determines the most efficient order. Eliminate or reduce the need for fussy Gantt charts or other project management nightmares. Automation can take care of much of this for you.

 

Considerations and questions

Before you get too far in looking into whether automation is right for your business, there are a few things you should consider. What process(es) do you want to automate? Will automation continue to be the best option in the long-term? Would your company be relying too much on automation, making it difficult or impossible for humans to intervene when necessary?

Consider the return on investment and other logistics should before choosing to automate your business. Remember Bill Gates’s second rule of technology used in business: automation can make an inefficient system even worse. So, make sure your company is already set up in a way that will facilitate, and be facilitated by, an automation upgrade.

Written by: B.A. Durham

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5 Innovative Ways to Improve Your DIY Industrial Robot

Almost every industrial robot falls into one of three types: Delta, Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA), and Cartesian or gantry robots. Between these three types, almost every harvesting and positioning task can be accomplished. Regardless of which type of industrial robot you or your company use, however, there are some common innovative improvements that can make your robot faster, longer-lasting, and more efficient.

 

1) 3D-print parts for reduced weight and increased efficiency

When 3D printers first hit the market, the company RepRap realized that customers could 3D print almost any of the machine’s parts. They embraced this capability and made the part files open source and license-free. With the ubiquity of 3D printers and affordable CAD programs, this same solution is now available to the DIY roboticist. Obviously, you can’t print motors, load-bearing parts, or parts exposed to extreme temperatures. But wire clips, mounting brackets, adapters, and similar static components can be easily printed as a cost-effective alternative to expensive, proprietary replacements.

You don’t have to wait for a part to break to make use of 3D printing, however. Boost the efficiency of your industrial robot by 3D printing parts before they even need to be replaced. Print replacement parts right now to reap the benefits of lighter-weight and more efficient components. 3D printed parts can reduce motor wear and power demand.

 

2) Make your own motor heat sinks

Thermal resistivity is a problem, especially in heavy-duty industrial motors. Not only can it drop the voltage across your motor and decrease its power output, but it can shorten the motor’s life-span. However, there is a simple solution that can save you the headache of having to frequently pull smoked motors: custom-make your own heat sinks. With heat sinks, there’s no more need for fans or solutions that rob from your power bank. Heat sinks are passive, customizable and can easily be created with a mill, slotting saw or a die. There’s even a super simple way to make a heat sink using PCB board and screws!

 

3) Test in CAD

It’s not exactly innovative, but it certainly is a lesson worth repeating. Having a fully functioning CAD model of your robot lets you perform all kinds of design changes and analyze your robot’s range of motion. You can even place your design under virtual operating conditions and measure compression, torsional and tension forces. Data like this saves you time, money, and can help you engineer effective solutions. You don’t even have to shell out big bucks like you used to to get SolidWorks or AutoCAD. Free, browser-based programs like OnShape are just as powerful and allow you to collaborate in real-time with other users. Best of all, since your files are stored in the cloud you can work on them anywhere, even their mobile app.

 

4) Upgrade to advanced, modern robot controllers

Just a few years ago, you had to have a Ph.D. and a deep knowledge of kinematics, matrix theory, and linear algebra in order to embark on a project in robotics. With advance controllers and CPUs, more amateurs are taking part in the DIY robotics field.

Take, for instance, the Arduino family of controllers. This technology works with servomotors and drives to allow users to build robots without having to program all of the low-level details and kinematics.

VEX and National Instruments have also opened up their powerful controllers and CPUs to home enthusiasts. Resources, calculators and power charts or provided from experts and professionals to help you select the perfect parts for your industrial project. The more you look, the more you can find on the market for the amateur roboticist.

 

5) Intertial wheels (flywheels) and counter-weights

Talk about low-tech! Use the mechanical advantage of a counterweight or a spinning disk to reduce the current draw to a motor and yield maximum output. Let’s say you’re driving a conveyor. Every time an item is dropped on that belt, your motor has to kick it up a notch to get back up to speed. Sure, you can add encoders and PID controls into the programming, but there is a simpler solution. Add a disk with significant mass to the end of the drive motor shaft. When the belt slows down from the newly added weight, the massive spinning wheel keeps the belt moving at a nearly constant speed. If you have ever ridden a fixed-gear bike, you know this feeling well. If you try to put any resistance on the pedals while the bike is in motion, you get flung forward over the handlebars. The conservation of angular momentum resists maintains nearly constant velocity, all without the cost of more current and power from the battery.

 

Written by: B.A. Durham

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